Agave
americana
Aridity and heat are familiar conditions. Persistent frost remains the limit.
to notice change,
the only way is to stay informed
A journey from the installation’s plants to the climate data that inform its story.
01 · plant selection
plants
anticipate
Agave
Schefflera
arboricola
A subtropical species favoured by mild microclimates, yet still sensitive to frost.
Strelitzia
nicolai
A tropical presence that makes the shifting climatic boundary immediately perceptible.
Monstera
deliciosa
The furthest from today’s landscape: chosen to look as far ahead as possible.
02 · frost days
winter
retreats
Frost limits these plants’ survival outdoors: a frost day is counted whenever the minimum temperature falls below 0 °C.
70
54
1 October 1994
28 February 1995
28 February 1995
1 October 2024
28 February 2025
28 February 2025
16 fewer days · about −23%
| Month | 1994–95 | 2024–25 | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| October | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| November | 4 | 6 | +2 |
| December | 18 | 22 | +4 |
| January | 30 | 16 | −14 |
| February | 18 | 10 | −8 |
| Total | 70 | 54 | −16 |
WMO 16066
1961–1990
latest ARPA twenty-year period
03 · summer temperatures
summer stays
warmer
Summers are getting warmer. Temperatures are rising, including at night.
per decade
summer 2024
August 2024
Beyond the summer
Four warmer years
Lombardy · annual mean temperature relative to 1991–2020.
0 °C+1 °C+2 °C
2022+1.8 °C
2023+1.9 °C
2024+1.5 °C
2025+1.25 °C
04 · sources
open and
verifiable sources
References, locations and periods for the figures shown.
ARPA · frost days
Regional historical series and climate comparison.
www.arpalombardia.it ↗
ARPA · 2024 update
Updated regional indicator.
www.arpalombardia.it ↗
iLMeteo · historical archive
Daily minimum temperatures associated with Como; observations from the Milan Malpensa LIMC station.
www.ilmeteo.it ↗
Meteostat · WMO 16066
Identification and location of the LIMC station.
meteostat.net ↗
ARPA · Milan Brera
Milan Brera, since 1961: +0.5 °C per decade for summer minimum extremes.
www.arpalombardia.it ↗
ARPA · summer 2024
Summer +1.9 °C; August +3 °C relative to 1991–2020. Analysis of Milan, Mantua, Brescia, Sondrio and Pavia.
www.arpalombardia.it ↗
ARPA · 2025 climate reportAnnual temperature anomalies for 2022–2025 in Lombardy, relative to 1991–2020.www.arpalombardia.it ↗